Cancer-Related Dictionary

Familial cancer refers to cancer that occurs significantly more frequently within a family compared to the general population, often due to a genetic predisposition. Despite sharing common environmental factors, these cancers primarily result from inherited gene mutations that are passed on from generation to generation, increasing susceptibility to specific cancer types.

A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a non-invasive medical screening exam used to detect the presence of hidden (occult) blood in the stool, not visible to the naked eye. This test is often used as an early detection method for colorectal cancer, as abnormal bleeding may be an indication of polyps or tumors.

A fibroid is a noncancerous growth that often develops in or around the uterus during a woman's childbearing years. They can range in size from tiny, barely visible masses to large tumors that can distort and enlarge the uterus. Although fibroids are usually benign, they can cause pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.

Fibrosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that originates from fibrous tissue, typically affecting the legs, arms, or trunk. Characterized by the rapid growth of spindle-shaped cells, it is most common in middle-aged adults. With early detection and treatment - often a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy - the prognosis can be improved.

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is a medical procedure where a thin, hollow needle is inserted into a lump or suspicious area to extract a sample of cells or fluid for microscopic examination. Typically used in cancer diagnostics, it helps physicians accurately identify any abnormalities.

Flow cytometry is a biophysical technology used in cell counting, cell sorting, biomarker detection, and protein engineering. It allows simultaneous multi-parametric analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of up to thousands of particles per second. This technique is widely used in diagnosing health disorders, especially those related to the immune system and blood.

Follicular carcinoma is a type of thyroid cancer that arises from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It is generally slow-growing and often has a good prognosis when detected early.