Cancer-Related Dictionary

DNA, short for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is a vital molecule found in all living organisms. It contains the unique genetic code that determines the traits of a living being. Structured in a double helix shape, DNA contains pairs of nucleotides, which form genes, the basic units of heredity.

Debulking is a medical procedure used primarily in the treatment of cancer. It refers to the surgical removal of as much of the malignant tumor as possible, to lessen the bulk or reduce the total number of cancer cells. The goal is to increase the effectiveness of subsequent therapies (e.g., radiation, chemotherapy) or to alleviate symptoms.

Density-gradient centrifugation is a laboratory technique used to separate particles, such as cells or molecules, based on their density. By spinning a sample in a centrifuge with a gradient of densities, different components settle at different levels, allowing for their isolation and analysis.

Dental oncology is a specialized field of dentistry that focuses on the oral health care of patients who have cancer. It involves the diagnosis, prevention, and management of oral complications related to cancer and its treatment.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that typically occurs in the abdomen. It primarily affects adolescents and young adults and is characterized by small, round cancer cells surrounded by dense fibrous tissue.

Digital pathology is the practice of using digital imaging technology to analyze and interpret pathology slides. This method allows pathologists to view, share, and store high-resolution images of tissue samples, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and collaboration.

DNA fragmentation refers to the breaking or splitting of DNA strands into pieces. This can occur naturally or be induced artificially and is often used in research and clinical settings to study genetic material or assess sperm quality.

Ductal lavage is a medical procedure used to collect cells from the milk ducts of the breast. It involves flushing the ducts with a saline solution to obtain samples for analysis, primarily to assess the risk of breast cancer.

Ductal carcinoma refers to a common type of breast cancer that begins in the cells lining the milk ducts, which act as transport channels from the lobules, where milk is made, to the nipple. It can remain within the ducts as a non-invasive cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ) or it can spread beyond the ducts into the breast tissue (invasive ductal carcinoma).

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) refers to a type of early-stage breast cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lining of the breast milk duct, confined to the area where they started and haven't invaded surrounding tissues. Though non-invasive, it can progress to invasive cancer if untreated.

Dyskeratosis is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal development of keratin in the skin, leading to changes in skin texture and appearance. It can be associated with various skin disorders and may involve genetic factors.

"Dysplasia" refers to the abnormal growth or development of cells, tissues, or organs. It is often associated with an increased risk of cancer. It can occur anywhere in the body, such as in the cervix (cervical dysplasia) or hip (hip dysplasia). This condition doesn't necessarily mean you have cancer but it's significant in identifying pre-cancerous changes.