Try adjusting your type
14th October, 2009
European Survey on Standards of Care in paediatric oncology centres. J. R. Kowalczyk, M. Samardakiewicz, K. Pritchard-Jones, R. Ladenstein, S. Essiaf, E. Fitzgerald, G. Petrarulo, G. Vassal - EJC , Volume 61, pp 11-19
8th December, 2014
The purpose of this website is to provide good and clear information about the long-term effects of childhood cancer and to refer to the various late-effects outpatient clinics (LATER outpatient clinics) that exist in the Netherlands.
8th September, 2015
Cancer in young people is rare, but it is still a major health issue in Europe. Each year, more than 6,000 young people in Europe die of cancer. There are more than 300,000 European childhood cancer survivors (in 2020, they will be nearly half a million): two-thirds of them have some late side effects of treatment, that are severe and impact on the daily life of half of those affected.
“Carcinoma in situ” is a medical term referring to a group of abnormal cells that remain in their original location. These cells have the potential to become cancerous, but they haven’t spread to surrounding tissues or other parts of the body. It’s the earliest stage of cancer, often highly treatable when detected promptly.
Within the broad spectrum of cancer classifications, carcinoma in situ (CIS) takes its unique spot. The term might sound complex to many, but its comprehension is crucial, especially in the field of proactive cancer prevention and early detection. Therefore, it is essential to delve deep into this topic to acquire an exhaustive understanding.
In order to accentuate the significance and complexity of carcinoma in situ, this article offers an in-depth overview of this type of cancer. It will detail its meaning, differentiate it from other carcinomas, and explore its causes, risk factors, and types. It will also outline the diagnosis process, treatment options, and preventive measures.
Carcinoma in situ is a term used to describe cancer that is currently confined to the cells where it started, not having spread to neighboring tissues or anywhere else in the body. The word “in situ” originates from Latin and translates as “in its original place.”
Unlike invasive or infiltrative carcinomas, which invade the tissue around the area of origin or other parts of the body, carcinoma in situ exists solely where it began. Therefore, cis is typically linked to a better prognosis since it lacks the metastatic potential of other carcinomas.
The exact causes leading to carcinoma in situ are not fully known; however, it could be due to various genetic mutations in the cells that cause them to grow uncontrollably and accumulate, forming a tumor.
Age, lifestyle habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, family history, and exposure to certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) can amplify the chances of developing carcinoma in situ.
The category of carcinoma in situ further splits into multiple individual types, including:
DCIS is positioned within the breast’s milk ducts and is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer.
LCIS is found within the lobules, the parts of the breast that produce milk. Despite its name, it’s not a true cancer but rather a marker of increased breast cancer risk.
Also known as Bowen’s disease, SCCIS is a form of skin cancer that stays confined to the squamous cells in the skin’s upper layers.
There are several other types of carcinoma in situ, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which pertains to the cervix, and melanoma in situ residing within the skin.
Tests used to diagnose carcinoma in situ often depend on the organ in which the carcinoma is suspected to be present. For example, a mammogram or biopsy might be used to identify breast CIS, while a Pap test or colposcopy may be employed to detect cervical CIS.
One of the significant challenges in detecting CIS is its asymptomatic nature in early stages. This issue can be overcome with regular check-ups, especially for high-risk individuals, and advancements in diagnostic technologies.
Surgery is typically used to meticulously remove the tumor and a margin of healthy tissue around it. Depending on the cancer’s location and size, different surgical methods may be employed.
These treatments may be used pre or post-surgery, either to shrink the tumor before surgical removal or to kill any remaining cancer cells after surgery.
Following the initial treatment, additional therapies may be necessary, particularly hormone therapy for CIS related to the breast or immunotherapy for skin-related CIS.
Prudent lifestyle choices, such as avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol intake, practicing safe sex, and maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise can help lower the risk of developing CIS.
Regular screenings and check-ups, especially for high-risk individuals, can lead to early detection and prompt treatment of CIS before it progresses further.
Carcinoma in situ remains a crucial topic within the cancer spectrum, providing valuable insights for proactive cancer prevention and early detection. It uniquely positions itself amongst other carcinomas by remaining localized to the point of origin.
Recognizing the potential risk factors and being aware of regular screening benefits can serve as powerful tools in combatting carcinoma in situ. Public and professional awareness are indispensable elements towards timely detection and effective treatment.
Carcinoma in situ is a form of cancer that has not spread beyond the cells where it initially formed. The term “in situ” means “in its original place.”
Unlike other carcinomas, carcinoma in situ has not spread to surrounding tissues or other parts of the body. Therefore, it usually has a more favorable prognosis because it lacks the metastatic potential of other carcinomas.
The exact causes of carcinoma in situ are unclear but may involve genetic mutations leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Potential risk factors include age, lifestyle choices such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to certain types of HPV.
Diagnosis often depends on the suspected location of the carcinoma. A mammogram or biopsy may be used for breast carcinoma in situ, while a Pap test or colposcopy may be used for cervical carcinoma in situ.
Carcinoma in situ is usually treated surgically. Additional treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy, may also be used, depending on the specific type and location of the CIS.
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