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14th October, 2009
European Survey on Standards of Care in paediatric oncology centres. J. R. Kowalczyk, M. Samardakiewicz, K. Pritchard-Jones, R. Ladenstein, S. Essiaf, E. Fitzgerald, G. Petrarulo, G. Vassal - EJC , Volume 61, pp 11-19
8th December, 2014
The purpose of this website is to provide good and clear information about the long-term effects of childhood cancer and to refer to the various late-effects outpatient clinics (LATER outpatient clinics) that exist in the Netherlands.
8th September, 2015
Cancer in young people is rare, but it is still a major health issue in Europe. Each year, more than 6,000 young people in Europe die of cancer. There are more than 300,000 European childhood cancer survivors (in 2020, they will be nearly half a million): two-thirds of them have some late side effects of treatment, that are severe and impact on the daily life of half of those affected.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a rapid-developing type of blood cancer that affects the myeloid line of cells in the bone marrow. Marked by an overproduction of immature white blood cells known as blasts, AML interferes with the production of normal blood cells, leading to anemia, infection, and bleeding complications. Fast diagnosis and treatment are essential due to its aggressive nature.
With the ever-evolving medical innovations in today’s world, knowledge is power. Herein lies the importance of understanding acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a common form of leukemia, impacting people globally. This comprehensive guide aims to shed light on this disease, detailing everything from its definition and causes to its symptoms, treatment options, and what living with AML entails.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia, commonly known as AML, is a severely aggressive type of blood cancer originating from the myeloid cells in the bone marrow. At the most basic level, it is identified by the rapid growth of abnormal cells which hinder the production of normal blood cells.
AML is primarily differentiated from other forms of leukemia by the cells it affects—myeloid cells. Other types of leukemia, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), affect lymphoid cells. Furthermore, AML progresses rapidly and demands immediate intervention compared to its chronic counterparts.
AML’s development starts in the bone marrow. Here, the abnormal growth of immature myeloid cells, or blasts, compete for space, inhibiting the production of healthy red and white blood cells and platelets.
The myeloid line of blood cell production is responsible for developing various blood cells, including red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells. Interference with this mechanism results in AML, delineating the need for optimal functioning of the myeloid line.
It is crucial to recognize that AML isn’t a genetically inherited disease. However, certain genetic mutations can increase the likeliness of acquiring AML. Additionally, specific syndromes caused by inherited mutations, such as Down syndrome, are associated with a heightened risk.
Various environmental aspects, notably prolonged exposure to high levels of radiation and certain chemicals, like benzene, can significantly increase the risk of AML.
Existing health conditions, such as blood disorders and some genetic conditions, can advance to AML over time. Moreover, previous cancer treatments might pose a risk of developing AML later on.
Typical symptoms of AML include incessant fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, excessive weight loss, and more. In some cases, though, symptoms might not appear until the disease has progressed.
AML is typically diagnosed through blood tests, bone marrow tests, and cytogenetic analysis. In certain cases, lumbar puncture tests may also be needed.
Early detection and diagnosis of AML is crucial due to the rapid progression of the disease. Timely diagnosis enables prompt treatment, increasing the chances of remission.
Treatments for AML typically include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation. The choice of treatment depends on various factors, particularly the patient’s age and overall health.
Recent medical advancements have seen the introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in treating AML. These novel approaches aim to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to healthy cells.
Managing AML necessitates a robust mental framework. Psychological help and support can often assist in alleviating stress and fostering a positive approach towards the disease.
Patients living with AML may need to make certain lifestyle changes, such as altering their diet and activity levels, managing stress, and ensuring regular check-ups and medication intake.
Support from friends, family, support groups, and professional counselors can be fundamentally encouraging for AML patients, helping foster mental strength and resilience.
Although AML can’t be wholly prevented due to unavoidable risk factors, certain measures can be taken, like avoiding exposure to radiation and harmful chemicals. A healthy lifestyle may also lessen the risk.
Research in AML is ongoing, with scientists studying new treatment methods, the effectiveness of existing treatments, and ways to minimize side effects. Such work paves the way towards more promising outcomes for AML patients.
This comprehensive guide sheds light on AML, from its origin, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, to living with AML.
Progressive medical research plays a pivotal role in enhancing the prospects for AML patients, emphasizing the importance of continued scientific investigations and breakthroughs.
1. What is the most common age group diagnosed with AML?
AML is primarily diagnosed in older adults, particularly those aged 75 years and above.
2. How is AML different from Acute Lymphatic Leukemia (ALL)?
The primary difference lies in the cells they affect, with AML impacting the myeloid cells and ALL affecting the lymphoid cells.
3. Do genetic factors play a decisive role in AML?
While certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of AML, it is not a genetically inherited disease.
4. How effective are the most recent treatments for AML?
The effectiveness varies by individual; however, recent techniques like targeted therapies and immunotherapy have shown promising results with fewer side effects.
5. Can AML be prevented?
While certain measures can be taken to decrease risk, AML cannot be completely prevented due to unavoidable genetic and environmental risk factors.
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