Cancer-Related Dictionary

DNA, short for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is a vital molecule found in all living organisms. It contains the unique genetic code that determines the traits of a living being. Structured in a double helix shape, DNA contains pairs of nucleotides, which form genes, the basic units of heredity.

Ductal carcinoma refers to a common type of breast cancer that begins in the cells lining the milk ducts, which act as transport channels from the lobules, where milk is made, to the nipple. It can remain within the ducts as a non-invasive cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ) or it can spread beyond the ducts into the breast tissue (invasive ductal carcinoma).

Dyskeratosis is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal development of keratin in the skin, leading to changes in skin texture and appearance. It can be associated with various skin disorders and may involve genetic factors.

"Dysplasia" refers to the abnormal growth or development of cells, tissues, or organs. It is often associated with an increased risk of cancer. It can occur anywhere in the body, such as in the cervix (cervical dysplasia) or hip (hip dysplasia). This condition doesn't necessarily mean you have cancer but it's significant in identifying pre-cancerous changes.