Cancer-Related Dictionary

Sarcoma is a type of malignant tumor that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal (connective tissue) origin. It can occur in various locations in the body, including the bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, fat, and blood vessels. Despite being relatively rare, sarcomas are aggressive and often require intense treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that exhibits both carcinoma and sarcoma characteristics. It is an aggressive tumor that can occur in various organs and tissues, often presenting challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its mixed cellular components.

Secondary cancer, also known as metastatic cancer, occurs when cancer cells spread from the original (primary) site to another part of the body. This process involves the movement of cancer cells through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of new tumors in other organs or tissues. Secondary cancers retain the name of the primary cancer type, even though they appear in a different location.

Secondary malignancies are new cancers that occur in a person who has previously been diagnosed with cancer. These are not recurrences of the original cancer but entirely new types of cancer that develop as a result of the initial cancer treatment, genetic predisposition, or other risk factors.

Serous carcinoma is a type of cancer that originates in the epithelial cells lining certain organs, most commonly the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneum. It is characterized by the production of a thin, watery fluid and is known for its aggressive nature and rapid spread.

Sessile serrated lesions are a type of growth found in the colon that can potentially develop into cancer. They are characterized by a flat, broad base and a saw-tooth appearance under a microscope. These lesions are considered precancerous and are often detected during routine colonoscopies.

Small cell lung cancer is a fast-growing type of lung cancer usually caused by smoking. It typically starts in the bronchi, quickly spreads throughout the body, and manifests with symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. This cancer represents about 10 -15% of all lung cancers.

Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare type of cancer arising from the soft tissues like fat, muscle, nerves, fibrous tissues, blood vessels, or deep skin tissues. It can occur in any part of the body, however, it is most commonly found in the arms, legs, chest, or abdomen. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this condition effectively.

Spindle cell carcinoma is a rare type of cancer characterized by spindle-shaped cells that can appear in various parts of the body, often resembling sarcomas due to their shape. It typically occurs in the skin or soft tissues and can be aggressive, requiring prompt medical attention.

Splenic lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic tissue of the spleen, a vital organ involved in filtering blood and supporting the immune system. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.

Sporadic cancer refers to cancer that occurs by chance and is not associated with inherited genetic mutations. Most cancers are sporadic, meaning they arise from genetic changes acquired during a person's lifetime due to environmental factors or random cell mutations.

"Squamous cell carcinoma" is a prevalent type of skin cancer that originates from squamous cells. These cells form the outer layer of the skin's epidermis. The condition is commonly caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. It often exhibits as a firm, red nodule, or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusty surface. Though primarily appearing on sun-exposed areas, it can occur anywhere on the body. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital in preventing its spread.

Superficial spreading melanoma is a common type of skin cancer that begins in the pigment-producing cells of the skin. It typically appears as a flat or slightly raised discolored patch with irregular borders and can grow outward across the surface of the skin before penetrating deeper layers.