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14th October, 2009
European Survey on Standards of Care in paediatric oncology centres. J. R. Kowalczyk, M. Samardakiewicz, K. Pritchard-Jones, R. Ladenstein, S. Essiaf, E. Fitzgerald, G. Petrarulo, G. Vassal - EJC , Volume 61, pp 11-19
8th December, 2014
The purpose of this website is to provide good and clear information about the long-term effects of childhood cancer and to refer to the various late-effects outpatient clinics (LATER outpatient clinics) that exist in the Netherlands.
8th September, 2015
Cancer in young people is rare, but it is still a major health issue in Europe. Each year, more than 6,000 young people in Europe die of cancer. There are more than 300,000 European childhood cancer survivors (in 2020, they will be nearly half a million): two-thirds of them have some late side effects of treatment, that are severe and impact on the daily life of half of those affected.
CA 19-9, or Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, is a tumor marker primarily used to monitor treatment response and disease recurrence in pancreatic cancer patients. It can also be elevated in other gastrointestinal cancers and conditions such as cirrhosis and pancreatitis. It’s not recommended for cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals due to non-specific findings.
As our medical knowledge base continues to grow, our understanding of complex biological markers such as the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) continues to evolve. This specific biomarker plays an essential role in diagnosing and monitoring certain types of cancer, particularly pancreatic cancer. This article aims to shed light on this essential biomarker, its significance, and its future potential in cancer detection and treatment.
In the following sections, we will explore the acronym CA 19-9, understand its role as a tumor marker, delve into its association with specific cancers, and shed light on how testing for this marker works. Moreover, we’ll look at how test results influence treatment planning and discuss possible limitations of CA 19-9 tests.
CA 19-9, an abbreviation for Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, is a complex sugar structure found on the surface of cells. It was first identified in the late 1970s by scientists studying the antigenic properties of colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells.
CA 19-9 has a crucial role in the medical field as a biomarker or ‘tumor marker’. When found in significant amounts in the blood, it can signal the presence of certain types of cancer, prompting further investigation and early diagnosis, and potentially improving patient outcomes.
A tumor marker is a substance found in the body that may be elevated in certain situations, such as the presence of cancer. When utilized correctly, these markers can provide valuable information about diagnosis, prognosis, and the response to treatment.
CA 19-9 is proficiently used as a tumor marker, primarily for pancreatic cancer. When present in high concentrations, CA 19-9 can indicate the existence or recurrence of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, it assists in gauging the effectiveness of a given treatment and could potentially portend the disease’s progression.
CA 19-9 is most closely associated with pancreatic cancer. Elevated levels of this biomarker are often detected in individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. As such, this marker is frequently used for diagnosis, monitoring the treatment response, and detecting possible recurrence.
Alongside its indication for pancreatic cancer, high levels of CA 19-9 can also be detected in colorectal, stomach, bile duct, and gallbladder cancers, among others. However, these are less common, and the primary focus remains on pancreatic cancer.
CA 19-9 test is a simple blood test. A sample of blood is drawn, typically from a vein in the arm, and then analyzed to measure the levels of CA 19-9. The test doesn’t require special preparation, and it usually takes only a few minutes to complete.
Normal levels of CA 19-9 in the blood are generally below 37 units per milliliter (U/mL). Elevated CA 19-9 levels often suggest the existence of certain cancers, but can also be seen in noncancerous conditions like liver and gallbladder diseases.
CA 19-9 levels offer valuable insight to clinicians. They can guide clinical decision making by helping to confirm a diagnosis, monitor treatment effectiveness, and detect potential disease recurrence. However, it’s important to remember that this marker is only one piece of the puzzle and must be considered within the context of other diagnostic information.
In cases of pancreatic cancer, CA 19-9 test results provide information about the prognosis. Higher levels suggest a more aggressive disease and a less favorable prognosis. During treatment, decreasing levels often indicate a positive response, while increasing levels may suggest disease progression or recurrence.
Despite its usefulness, CA 19-9 is not a standalone diagnostic tool for cancer. Elevated levels can also be seen in benign diseases, and not all cancer patients present with high CA 19-9 levels. It should therefore be used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods.
It’s important to note that CA 19-9 test results may not always be reliable. Age, genetic factors, and the existence of other diseases can all impact CA 19-9 levels in the body, potentially skewing the results. For instance, individuals with cystic fibrosis routinely have elevated CA 19-9 levels unrelated to cancer.
CA 19-9, recognized as a valuable biomarker in the medical field, has ushered in new possibilities for cancer diagnosis and treatment, particularly for pancreatic cancer. Despite its benefits, it’s imperative to understand that its use should be incorporated with other diagnostic procedures to ensure accuracy.
The search for effective biomarkers in cancer is ongoing, and CA 19-9 continues to play a central role in our understanding of pancreatic cancer. Future research is expected to elucidate more about this essential marker and could lead to innovative strategies that improve early detection, prognosis evaluation, and treatment of pancreatic cancer, and potentially other cancers as well.
A high level of CA 19-9 in the blood could indicate the presence of certain cancers, particularly pancreatic cancer. However, elevations can also occur due to benign diseases.
Yes, elevated CA 19-9 levels can also occur in conditions like liver and gallbladder diseases, cystic fibrosis, and certain gastrointestinal diseases.
The accuracy of the CA 19-9 test can vary based upon individual factors. While it’s helpful in diagnosing and monitoring pancreatic cancer, it should not be used as a standalone diagnostic tool.
Yes, it’s possible. Not all cancer patients, even those with pancreatic cancer, will have elevated CA 19-9 levels. Hence, normal levels do not necessarily rule out cancer.
Routine testing for CA 19-9 is not recommended unless there’s a high risk of developing pancreatic or other associated cancers based on family history or identified genetic mutations.
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