Try adjusting your type
14th October, 2009
European Survey on Standards of Care in paediatric oncology centres. J. R. Kowalczyk, M. Samardakiewicz, K. Pritchard-Jones, R. Ladenstein, S. Essiaf, E. Fitzgerald, G. Petrarulo, G. Vassal - EJC , Volume 61, pp 11-19
8th December, 2014
The purpose of this website is to provide good and clear information about the long-term effects of childhood cancer and to refer to the various late-effects outpatient clinics (LATER outpatient clinics) that exist in the Netherlands.
8th September, 2015
Cancer in young people is rare, but it is still a major health issue in Europe. Each year, more than 6,000 young people in Europe die of cancer. There are more than 300,000 European childhood cancer survivors (in 2020, they will be nearly half a million): two-thirds of them have some late side effects of treatment, that are severe and impact on the daily life of half of those affected.
Breast cancer is a malignancy originating in the breast tissue, where cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. This tumor can potentially invade nearby tissues and, if left untreated, can spread to distant parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. It is the most common cancer among women globally. Detecting breast cancer early through regular screenings like mammograms and employing a range of treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery.
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the breast tissue, primarily the ducts or lobules. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumour or lump.
While breast cancer is more commonly diagnosed in women, it is essential to recognize that men can also develop this condition, though at a much lower rate.
If you experience any of the signs and symptoms associated with breast cancer, it’s essential not to panic. While these symptoms should never be ignored, it’s crucial to remember that they don’t always indicate cancer.
There can be various reasons for changes in the breasts, such as hormonal fluctuations or benign conditions. However, it’s always best to seek guidance from a healthcare professional. Consulting a doctor for further evaluation and examination can provide clarity and peace of mind.
Early detection and prompt medical attention are key to addressing any health concerns effectively, and your doctor can guide you through the necessary steps for a comprehensive assessment of your breast health.
While there are no foolproof methods to prevent breast cancer, leading a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk. The following habits are beneficial:
Early detection is critical for favourable breast cancer outcomes. Women should undergo regular screening and check-ups, which include:
Genetic testing is recommended for individuals with a family history of breast cancer or specific risk factors. It identifies gene mutations linked to higher breast cancer risk, enabling personalized risk assessment and early intervention. Positive results can lead to increased surveillance, risk-reducing medications, or prophylactic surgeries. Genetic counselling is crucial for understanding the implications of test results. Overall, genetic testing empowers higher-risk individuals to make informed decisions and take proactive steps in managing their breast cancer risk.
Early and accurate diagnosis plays a crucial role in determining the most effective treatment plan. The following diagnostic methods are commonly used:
Mammography is a low-dose X-ray examination of the breast tissue, allowing for the detection of potential abnormalities, even in the absence of visible signs or symptoms.
A biopsy involves the removal of a small tissue sample from the suspicious area in the breast. This tissue is then examined under a microscope to confirm whether cancerous cells are present.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound are imaging techniques that provide detailed information about the tumour’s size, location, and characteristics.
Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) scan is used to identify whether cancer has spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis.
Breast cancer is classified into different stages based on the extent of tumour growth and spread:
Stage 0 breast cancer, known as Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS), is the earliest form of breast cancer. The abnormal cells are limited to the milk ducts and haven’t spread to nearby tissues. DCIS is detected through mammograms and is non-invasive, making it highly treatable. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy if necessary. The prognosis for long-term survival is excellent with early detection and prompt treatment. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence or progression.
Stage I breast cancer is an early and localized form of the disease. The cancer remains confined to the breast and hasn’t spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy if necessary. With timely intervention, the prognosis is favourable for long-term survival. Regular follow-up is crucial to monitor for any recurrence. Early detection through mammograms and self-examinations is essential for better outcomes and improved quality of life.
Stage II breast cancer is an advanced localized stage with larger tumours and possible spread to nearby lymph nodes. Detected through mammograms and clinical examinations, it is still confined to the breast. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy if needed. Prognosis varies based on factors like tumour size and lymph node involvement. Regular follow-up is vital for monitoring and early detection.
Stage III breast cancer is locally advanced, involving nearby tissue invasion and potential spread to multiple lymph nodes. Early detection is crucial. Treatment options include neoadjuvant therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. Prognosis varies based on tumour extent and response to treatment. Regular follow-up is essential for monitoring and early intervention.
Stage IV breast cancer, or metastatic breast cancer, is the most advanced stage. Cancer has spread to distant organs or bones in the body. Treatment aims to manage the disease, alleviate symptoms, and improve quality of life. Options include systemic therapy, radiation, and palliative care. Prognosis varies based on response to treatment and overall health. Regular monitoring and support are vital for patients. Awareness and research efforts are crucial in the fight against metastatic breast cancer.
Breast cancer treatment is multidisciplinary, and the approach depends on factors like cancer stage, tumour characteristics, and the individual’s overall health. Common treatment options include:
Surgery involves removing the tumour and surrounding tissues to eliminate cancer cells and prevent further spread. The options may include:
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells or prevent their growth. It is often used after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells in the affected area.
Chemotherapy involves using powerful drugs to kill or inhibit the growth of cancer cells throughout the body. It is administered orally or intravenously.
Hormone therapy is used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers and aims to block the hormones that fuel cancer growth.
Targeted therapies target specific molecules involved in cancer growth and progression, sparing healthy cells from damage.
Immunotherapy aims to stimulate the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively.
Supportive care focuses on managing the side effects of treatment and enhancing the patient’s well-being during and after breast cancer therapy. Some aspects of supportive care include:
Patients can actively manage treatment side effects during breast cancer care.
Open communication with the healthcare team is essential for prompt support and adjustments to enhance well-being throughout the breast cancer journey.
Receiving a breast cancer diagnosis can be emotionally challenging. Psychological support, including counselling, effective communication and therapy, can help patients cope with anxiety, depression, and other emotional issues.
Lifestyle support includes dietary counselling, exercise programs, and complementary therapies like yoga and meditation. These practices can aid in physical and emotional healing.
Receiving a breast cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, but adopting certain strategies can help individuals navigate their journey more effectively:
Coping with a breast cancer diagnosis and its treatment requires resilience. Adopting coping strategies such as mindfulness techniques, journaling, and engaging in creative pursuits can help alleviate stress and anxiety.
Support groups and communities such as the one we run on Discord provide a safe space for individuals to share experiences, receive emotional support, and exchange valuable insights into living with breast cancer.
Maintaining emotional well-being is crucial throughout the breast cancer journey. Seeking professional counselling or therapy can be beneficial in managing the emotional toll of the disease.
The field of breast cancer research is continually advancing, with promising developments on the horizon:
Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, are showing promise in empowering the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells more effectively.
Targeted therapies are becoming more precise, targeting specific genetic mutations or proteins present in cancer cells, leading to more effective and personalized treatments.
Gene therapies are being explored as a potential approach to correct genetic abnormalities in cancer cells, offering new avenues for treatment.
Breast cancer is a complex disease that requires comprehensive understanding, early detection, and a holistic treatment approach. By recognizing the signs and symptoms, adopting preventive measures, and staying informed about available treatment options, individuals can take charge of their breast health. Moreover, supporting ongoing research and awareness initiatives is crucial in the fight against breast cancer. Together, we can work towards a future where breast cancer is diagnosed at its earliest stages, treated effectively, and survivors lead fulfilling lives.
Breast Cancer Prevention Quiz
Share it
You might also like
The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment
n the realm of literature that offers solace and guidance in the face of profound despair, there exists an international best-seller, a timeless masterpiece whose relevance remains as potent today as it was upon its initial publication.
Daring Greatly: How the Courage to Be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live, Love, Parent, and Lead
From thought leader Brené Brown, a transformative new vision for the way we lead, love, work, parent, and educate that teaches us the power of vulnerability.
The Cancer-Fighting Kitchen: Nourishing, Big-Flavor Recipes for Cancer Treatment and Recovery
This new and revised edition of the IACP award-winning cookbook brings the healing power of delicious, nutritious foods to those whose hearts and bodies crave a revitalizing meal, through 150 new and updated recipes.
Option B: Facing Adversity, Building Resilience, and Finding Joy
In 2015 Sheryl Sandberg’s husband, Dave Goldberg, died suddenly at the age of forty-eight. Sandberg and her two young children were devastated, and she was certain that their lives would never have real joy or meaning again.
Wherever You Go, There You Are: Mindfulness Meditation in Everyday Life
Its message, rooted in the art of mindfulness, encourages individuals to live fully in the present moment. With gentle yet profound insights, the book teaches us to be fully present in our lives, regardless of our surroundings or situations.
At its heart, Paulo Coelho's masterpiece unfolds the mystical journey of Santiago, an unassuming Andalusian shepherd boy whose heart brims with a longing for adventure and the pursuit of a treasure that exists far beyond the confines of the material world.
