Try adjusting your type
14th October, 2009
European Survey on Standards of Care in paediatric oncology centres. J. R. Kowalczyk, M. Samardakiewicz, K. Pritchard-Jones, R. Ladenstein, S. Essiaf, E. Fitzgerald, G. Petrarulo, G. Vassal - EJC , Volume 61, pp 11-19
8th December, 2014
The purpose of this website is to provide good and clear information about the long-term effects of childhood cancer and to refer to the various late-effects outpatient clinics (LATER outpatient clinics) that exist in the Netherlands.
8th September, 2015
Cancer in young people is rare, but it is still a major health issue in Europe. Each year, more than 6,000 young people in Europe die of cancer. There are more than 300,000 European childhood cancer survivors (in 2020, they will be nearly half a million): two-thirds of them have some late side effects of treatment, that are severe and impact on the daily life of half of those affected.
Bladder cancer is a malignant growth within the bladder, an organ that stores urine. The most common type, transitional cell carcinoma, originates from cells lining the bladder. Risk factors include smoking, chemical exposure, and chronic infections. Symptoms often include hematuria, discomfort during urination, and lower back pain. Early detection and treatment are vital.
Bladder cancer is a common but often overlooked type of cancer that affects thousands of people every year. As with any disease, early detection and understanding play a crucial role in addressing the condition and improving the chances of recovery. This detailed guide will provide an overview of bladder cancer, its causes, symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment options.
Definition of Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer is a malignant growth that forms in the tissues of the bladder. The bladder, part of the urinary system, is a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before it is excreted from the body.
Leading Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of bladder cancer is not known, several risk factors increase its probability. These include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, chronic bladder inflammation, past radiation exposure, and parasitic infections. Age, race, and certain genetic mutations are considered risk factors as well.
Function of the Bladder
The bladder, an essential organ in the urinary tract system, stores and releases urine. It does not just hold urine but also alerts you when it needs to be emptied, thereby regulating the urinary system.
How Bladder Cancer Affects the Organ
Bladder cancer primarily affects the cells that line the bladder. As it progresses, it can invade the muscular bladder wall and potentially spread to other areas of the body, disrupting normal function and causing complications.
Urothelial Carcinoma
This is the most common type of bladder cancer that begins in the urothelial cells lining the inside of the bladder.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This comes into existence when squamous cells form in the bladder as a response to infection or prolonged irritation.
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is a rare type of bladder cancer that starts in the cells that make and release mucus and other fluids.
Differences and Similarities Among the Types
The primary difference lies in the kind of cell that turns cancerous in the bladder. The treatment, prognosis, and progression might change based on the type of bladder cancer.
Early Signs to Watch Out For
Early signs of bladder cancer include blood in the urine and frequent urination. Pain during urination is another symptom to look out for.
Progressing Symptoms
As the disease progresses, the signs become more severe. These can include back pain, pelvic pain, weight loss, and fatigue.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you have one or more of the mentioned symptoms, particularly blood in the urine, it’s crucial to seek medical advice to clarify the cause.
Physical Exams and Medical History
A physician usually starts with a physical examination, followed by a detailed patient history, which includes asking about symptoms and risk factors, including smoking and exposure to chemicals.
Laboratory Tests
Tests like urinalysis and urine cytology are used to detect signs of bladder cancer.
Imaging Studies
Several imaging studies such as ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRI scans help identify bladder tumors.
Procedures Like Cystoscopy and Biopsy
A cystoscopy allows doctors to view the bladder from the inside, while a biopsy provides a tissue sample for further examination and confirmation of bladder cancer.
Surgical Procedures
Surgery is a common treatment approach and is carried out based on the stage and type of bladder cancer.
Non-Invasive Treatments
For non-invasive tumors, intravesical therapy is quite common.
Role of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy play a considerable role in the management of bladder cancer. These may be used before or after surgery or as primary treatments for certain patients.
Talking to Your Doctor About Treatment Options
It’s essential to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment option with your healthcare provider so that you can make an informed decision.
While one cannot fully negate the risk of getting bladder cancer, certain lifestyle alterations and dietary changes can help minimize the risk.
Living with bladder cancer brings various challenges, especially in managing daily life activities. Support systems like counseling, and help from family and friends can make living with the condition more manageable.
Understanding key aspects of bladder cancer -including the causes, symptoms, types, and treatments- can help in the journey towards recovery. Lifestyle changes and adequate support systems allow one to cope with and manage the disease effectively.
Bladder cancer primarily affects older adults, particularly those aged 55 and above.
Blood in urine and frequent urination are common signs of bladder cancer in its early stages.
Modern diagnostic procedures for bladder cancer are significantly accurate. However, like any medical test, they are not infallible and occasional inaccuracies might occur.
Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate, this is why regular follow-ups post-treatment are crucial.
While no strategy guarantees complete prevention, a healthy lifestyle with physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and refraining from smoking can significantly reduce the risk.
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