Try adjusting your type
14th October, 2009
European Survey on Standards of Care in paediatric oncology centres. J. R. Kowalczyk, M. Samardakiewicz, K. Pritchard-Jones, R. Ladenstein, S. Essiaf, E. Fitzgerald, G. Petrarulo, G. Vassal - EJC , Volume 61, pp 11-19
8th December, 2014
The purpose of this website is to provide good and clear information about the long-term effects of childhood cancer and to refer to the various late-effects outpatient clinics (LATER outpatient clinics) that exist in the Netherlands.
8th September, 2015
Cancer in young people is rare, but it is still a major health issue in Europe. Each year, more than 6,000 young people in Europe die of cancer. There are more than 300,000 European childhood cancer survivors (in 2020, they will be nearly half a million): two-thirds of them have some late side effects of treatment, that are severe and impact on the daily life of half of those affected.
Thyroid cancer is a type of malignancy that begins in the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ at the base of the throat responsible for hormone production. Symptoms often include a lump in the neck, voice changes, difficulty swallowing, or unexplained weight changes. Treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer but can include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy. Early detection allows for a high survival rate.
The human body is an intricate machinery with various organs playing crucial roles in maintaining its smooth functioning. An essential yet often overlooked part of our system is the thyroid gland. Located in the lower part of our neck, this butterfly-shaped gland produces hormones that regulate numerous bodily functions, including metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature.
When the normal process of cell growth and death is disrupted in the body, we experience a disease that is universally feared – cancer. Cancer entails the uncontrollable growth and multiplication of cells, leading to the formation of a mass or a ‘tumor’. Depending on where this abnormal growth initiates, cancer earns its distinct types such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and the topic at hand – thyroid cancer.
Thyroid cancer, as the name suggests, refers to the malignancy that arises within the thyroid gland. It is characterized by the anomalous growth and division of thyroid cells, leading to the formation of a malignant tumor.
The thyroid, despite its small size, contributes significantly to body functionality. Its prime task involves producing hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that regulate our metabolism. When cancer strikes, it compromises these critical functions, leading to severe and sometimes irreversible damage.
Thyroid cancer is categorized into four main types depending on the cancerous cells’ structure and growth rate. These include Papillary, Follicular, Medullary, and Anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Papillary is the most common and tends to grow slowly, while Anaplastic is rare and aggressive. Follicular and Medullary fall in between these two extremes. Each type presents unique symptoms and requires different treatment approaches.
An awareness of their distinct characteristics is crucial as they affect the body differently. For example, Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC), unlike other types, may produce excess hormones that cause distinctive symptoms while Anaplastic thyroid cancer rapidly spreads and becomes challenging to treat.
Pinpointing the exact causes of thyroid cancer can be a challenge. However, genetic mutations play a significant role in its initiation. This involves changes that allow cells to grow and multiply rapidly, resulting in a tumor. Environmental factors like radiation exposure have also been linked.
Risk factors range from family history, being female, age (most common in people aged 30 to 60), to iodine deficiency. However, it’s essential to distinguish myth from reality — for instance, while some believe that thyroid cancer can result from a poor diet or stress, these claims lack scientific backing.
Thyroid cancer usually doesn’t demonstrate early symptoms. However, a noticeable lump or swelling in the neck, trouble swallowing or breathing, persistent cough, or voice changes might indicate its presence. These signs merit immediate medical attention for diagnostic tests, including blood tests, imaging tests, or a biopsy.
Treatment options are contingent on several factors, including the type and stage of thyroid cancer, health status, and personal preferences. They range from surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, hormone therapy, to targeted drug therapy or chemotherapy.
The long-term implications of thyroid cancer can be challenging, requiring regular follow-ups and lifelong medication for many. However, the prognosis is generally excellent, with a high survival rate, especially for cancers detected early.
Indeed, life after treatment involves new normal, but with a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and a solid support system, individuals can maintain a good quality of life.
Thyroid cancer, like most cancers, is a multifaceted disease requiring comprehensive understanding and holistic approach to its treatment and management. While the condition poses significant challenges, with early detection, effective treatments, and lifestyle adjustments, individuals can pave their path to recovery and lead fulfilling lives.
Aside from a noticeable lump in the neck, other early signs may include persistent throat or neck pain, difficulty swallowing, a chronic cough not associated with a cold, and voice changes.
While you can’t prevent thyroid cancer, you can significantly reduce risk factors. This includes maintaining a diet rich in iodine and avoiding excessive radiation exposure.
The recovery period varies considerably depending on the type of treatment undertaken and the individual’s overall health. It can range from a couple of weeks post-surgery to a few months after radioactive iodine therapy.
Most cases of thyroid cancer occur sporadically. However, certain types like medullary thyroid cancer can be passed down through families (hereditary).
Lifestyle changes that can help manage thyroid cancer include maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and iodized salts, regular exercise, avoiding radiation exposure, and having regular medical check-ups.
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