Cancer-Related Dictionary

Cancer organoids are three-dimensional cell cultures derived from a patient's tumor cells. These organoids mimic the structure and function of actual tumors, allowing researchers to study cancer in a laboratory setting more effectively. They provide a personalized approach to understanding cancer biology and testing potential treatments.

A carcinoid tumor is a rare, slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor that primarily originates in the digestive tract or lungs. It often takes years to display symptoms, which may vary depending on the tumor’s location. Though most carcinoid tumors are benign, some can spread to other parts of the body and become malignant. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can manage the tumor effectively.

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare disease where cancer cells are found in the body but the place the cancer began, known as the primary site, cannot be determined. Often, the cancer is already advanced by the time it's diagnosed. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of the primary site can aid in targeted treatment.

Central nervous system lymphoma is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the lymph tissue of the brain and spinal cord. It involves the uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, within the central nervous system.

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that begins within the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix grow out of control. Mostly caused by specific strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), it can often be successfully treated when detected early through regular screenings like the Pap test.

Cholangiocarcinoma, commonly known as bile duct cancer, is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that occurs in the tiny, tube-like bile ducts within the liver. These ducts carry bile, a fluid that aids in the digestion of fat, to the gallbladder. This cancer is often hard to diagnose and usually discovered at an advanced stage.

Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer that predominantly affects the cartilage cells. The disease often manifests in the bones of the upper arms, legs, pelvis, or the spine. The condition typically progresses slowly and carries a higher risk factor for adults and older individuals. Treatment commonly includes surgery or radiation therapy.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that initiates in the bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal, mature lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). It's identified by gradual progression, typically affecting older adults. Symptoms often include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and weight loss.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that starts in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow and gradually invades the blood. It's characterized by the excessive growth of white blood cells. CML typically develops slowly, but can shift to a more aggressive phase, known as blast crisis, if untreated.

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a malignant disease that starts in the cells of the colon or rectum. It typically begins as small, noncancerous cells (polyps) that may over time develop into cancer. Symptoms can include changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, and persistent abdominal discomfort. Early detection through screening can often lead to successful treatment.

Colorectal adenoma is a type of non-cancerous (benign) tumor that forms in the lining of the colon or rectum. These growths are considered precursors to colorectal cancer, meaning they have the potential to become cancerous over time if not removed.

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine in the digestive system. It typically starts as small, benign clumps of cells called polyps that can, over time, develop into cancers. Early detection through routine screenings can help prevent the progression of colorectal cancer.