Cancer Dictionary

BRCA1/BRCA2 are genes that produce proteins suppressing tumor growth. Mutations in these genes can lead to increased risk of certain cancers, primarily breast and ovarian in women. BRCA genetic testing helps identify these mutations, crucial for cancer prevention and treatment strategies.

Basal cells are a type of cell found at the bottom layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. These cells are responsible for skin regeneration, producing new skin cells and pushing older cells upward. Abnormal growth of basal cells can lead to basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer.

"Benign" refers to a condition, tumor, or growth that is not harmful in effect and not malignant. It is non-cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the body. It denotes a mild form or consequence that does not typically become life-threatening or seriously damaging. In healthcare, benign is often associated with a positive prognosis.

Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Beta HCG) is a hormone produced by cells that are associated with pregnancy. It's usually detected in blood tests or urine tests to confirm pregnancy or as part of a screening test for certain birth defects. It can also be used in medical diagnostics to detect some cancers.

A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the body for examination under a microscope to detect and diagnose diseases, specifically cancer. This diagnostic tool helps doctors understand the extent of the disease and determine the best treatment plan.

A "Biopsy Punch" is a medical device commonly used in dermatological procedures to obtain tissue samples for biopsy. It is typically a cylindrical, knife-like instrument, operated manually or spring-loaded, that is pressed into the skin to cut a small, round piece of tissue for microscopic examination. Designed with various sizes, it ensures a less invasive procedure with less discomfort for patients while providing accurate and rapid sampling.

Bone marrow is soft, spongy tissue found within the central cavities of bones. It is responsible for producing different types of blood cells, including red blood cells that carry oxygen, white blood cells that fight infections, and platelets that help with blood clotting. Essentially, the bone marrow serves as a vital part of the body's immune system and overall health.

A brain tumor is an abnormal growth or mass of cells within the brain. These tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and can originate from the brain tissue itself or from other parts of the body, spreading to the brain. The presence of a brain tumor can disrupt normal brain function by compressing surrounding structures, causing neurological symptoms, and potentially leading to serious health issues. Diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors involve various medical interventions, such as imaging studies, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type, location, and characteristics of the tumor.

Breast cancer is a malignancy originating in the breast tissue, where cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. This tumor can potentially invade nearby tissues and, if left untreated, can spread to distant parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. It is the most common cancer among women globally. Detecting breast cancer early through regular screenings like mammograms and employing a range of treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery.

Astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor that originates from astrocytes, the star-shaped cells that make up the supportive tissue of the brain. These tumors can occur in various parts of the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytomas vary in their level of aggressiveness, ranging from benign (non-cancerous) to malignant (cancerous).