What is Rare Cancer? How to Identify and Manage Rare Cancers

Overview

Rare cancers are those that occur in fewer than 6 cases per 100,000 people per year. They are diverse and can arise in any part of the body, making them complex to diagnose and treat. Examples include cancers of the salivary glands, eye, and certain types of sarcomas.

Key Information

Rare cancers account for about 20% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide. They pose unique challenges due to their low incidence rates, which lead to less research funding and fewer clinical trials. This often results in limited treatment options and a lack of specialized healthcare providers.

Clinical Significance

The rarity of these cancers makes them difficult to study, leading to gaps in understanding their biology and optimal treatment strategies. However, studying rare cancers can provide insights into cancer biology that may benefit more common types as well.

Treatment & Management

Treatment for rare cancers typically involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Because of their rarity, treatment plans are often customized and may involve experimental therapies or participation in clinical trials. Multidisciplinary teams are essential for managing these cases effectively.

Patient Resources

Patients with rare cancers can find support and information through organizations such as the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) and the Rare Cancer Alliance. These organizations provide educational materials, connect patients with clinical trials, and offer emotional support.