What is Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome and How to Manage It

Overview

Basal cell nevus syndrome, or Gorlin syndrome, is an inherited disorder characterized by the development of multiple basal cell carcinomas, jaw cysts, and skeletal abnormalities. It is caused by mutations in the PTCH1 gene, which is part of the hedgehog signaling pathway crucial for cell growth and development.

Key Information

Basal cell nevus syndrome affects about 1 in 31,000 people worldwide. The condition is autosomal dominant, meaning a single copy of the mutated gene can cause the disorder. Symptoms often appear in childhood or early adulthood and can vary widely among individuals.

Clinical Significance

The syndrome is medically significant due to its association with basal cell carcinomas, which can be numerous and require frequent monitoring and treatment. Other complications may include jaw cysts, skeletal abnormalities, and increased risk for other tumors such as medulloblastoma, a type of brain cancer.

Treatment & Management

Treatment for basal cell nevus syndrome focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Regular skin examinations are crucial for early detection of basal cell carcinomas. Surgical removal, topical treatments, and in some cases, radiation therapy may be used to treat skin cancers. Genetic counseling is recommended for affected individuals and their families.

Patient Resources

Organizations such as the Gorlin Syndrome Alliance provide support and information for patients and families. Educational materials and resources are available through dermatology clinics and genetic counseling services.