Cancer Dictionary

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare disease where cancer cells are found in the body but the place the cancer began, known as the primary site, cannot be determined. Often, the cancer is already advanced by the time it's diagnosed. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of the primary site can aid in targeted treatment.

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine in the digestive system. It typically starts as small, benign clumps of cells called polyps that can, over time, develop into cancers. Early detection through routine screenings can help prevent the progression of colorectal cancer.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) refers to a group of various malignant cancers that develop in the lymph system, which is part of the body's immune system. Unlike Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL types are identified by various unique genetic marker abnormalities. These cancers can originate anywhere in the body and spread to any tissue or organ. It exhibits diverse symptoms and can proceed at varying rates, depending on the type.

Oral cancer refers to any cancerous tissue growth located in the mouth. It may arise as a primary lesion originating in any of the oral tissues, by metastasis from a distant site of origin, or by extension from a neighboring anatomic structure, such as the nasal cavity or the maxillary sinus. Early detection significantly increases the chances of a successful treatment.